Hong Kong Housing Society Annual Report 2014
116
Notes to the Financial Statements
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3 Significant accounting policies
(continued)
(j) Financial instruments
(continued)
(1) Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are subsequently measured at
amortised cost using the effective interest method less any
identified impairment losses. Appropriate allowances for
estimated irrecoverable amounts are recognised in the
statement of comprehensive income when there is objective
evidence that the asset is impaired. The impairment
recognised is measured as the difference between the asset’s
carrying amount and the present value of estimated future
cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate computed
at initial recognition. Impairment losses are reversed in
subsequent periods when an increase in the asset’s
recoverable amount can be related objectively to an event
occurring after the impairment was recognised, subject to a
restriction that the carrying amount of the asset at the date
the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the
amortised cost would have been had the impairment not
been recognised.
(2) Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
comprise (i) investment related financial assets (including
equity and debt securities, hedge fund and financial derivative
assets) and (ii) investment-related financial liabilities (including
financial derivative liabilities), (see “investment related financial
assets/liabilities” as described in Note 15). These financial
assets/liabilities are recognised and derecognised on a trade
date basis where the purchase or sale of an investment is
under a contract whose terms require delivery/settlement of the
investment within the timeframe established by the market
concerned, and are measured at fair value. Realised gains and
losses from the investment transactions, and unrealised gains
and losses from changes in fair value at the end of the
reporting period, are included in the statement of
comprehensive income for the period. Until realisation, gains
and losses may fluctuate subsequent to the end of the
reporting period depending on market movements in
investment prices and foreign exchange rates.
3
主要會計政策
（續）
(j)
財務工具
（續）
(1)
貸款及應收款
貸款及應收款是以實際利息法
在其後年度根據攤銷成本減去
已確認的減值損失計量。當客
觀資料反映該資產有減值現象
時，減值相等於其估計不可收
回的金額將在全面收支表內確
認。該減值準備的計算是以有
關資產的賬面值與以最初確認
時的實際利率折現其於未來產
生的現金流量估計的差額。倘
資產可收回金額之增幅能客觀
地指出涉及確認減值時所發生
之事件，則減值虧損會於以後
期間撥回，惟減值撥回當日之
資產賬面值不得超過如無確認
減值時之原來應攤銷成本。
(2)
於損益賬以公允價值處理的財
務資產及負債
於損益賬以公允價值處理的財
務資產及負債包括
( i )
有關投資
的財務資產（即股本證券、債務
證券、對沖基金及金融衍生工
具的資產）及
( i i )
有關投資的財
務負債（即金融衍生工具的負
債），有關詳情於附註十五《有
關投資的財務資產及負債》列
出，其確認及取消確認是以交
易日基準和其公允價值入賬，
並在合約條款內的有關市場所
指定交貨期限內完成的投資買
賣。由投資交易而產生的已變
現盈虧，及由於在報告期末公
允價值改變而產生的未變現盈
虧，均會在此期間的全面收支
表內反映。在未變現前，未變
現盈虧會因報告期末後的市場
在投資價格及外幣兌換率的波
動而改變。
