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3
主要會計政策
（續）
(k)
資產減值
於報告期末，房屋協會就其資產的
賬面值作出審查以決定該資產是否
有減值損失的現象。
如資產的估計可收回金額少於其賬
面值，該資產的賬面值則會減至其
可收回金額值，而減值損失亦立即
當作費用確認。
當有關導致減值情況及事項終止出
現，而可收回金額估計亦因而改
變，減值損失會被撥回。當資產的
減值損失期後須撥回，該資產的賬
面值將會增加至其可收回金額的重
估值，直至其賬面金額相等於未減
值前的價值，該撥回的減值損失會
當作收入確認。
(l)
現金及現金等價物
現金及現金等價物包括銀行存款及
現金、存放於銀行及其他財務機構
的活期存款，以及短期而具高流動
性的投資。這些投資可以隨時換算
為已知及價值變動風險不大、並在
購入後三個月內到期之現金額。就
擬備現金流量表而言，現金及現金
等價物也包括須於接獲通知時償
還，並構成房屋協會現金管理一部
分的銀行透支。
(m)
準備
當過往的事項導致房屋協會須負法
律或推定責任，而且日後有可能需
要撥付資源償付有關責任所涉及之
款項，在該款項能夠可靠地予以估
計的情況下，該款項會提呈準備。
準備是管理層於報告期末作出在償
付有關責任所涉及之款項的最佳估
計，當折現影響重大時，該款項將
貼現至現值入賬。
3 Significant accounting policies
(continued)
(k) Impairment of assets
At the end of each reporting period, the Housing Society
reviews the carrying amounts of its assets to determine
whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered
an impairment loss.
If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less
than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset is
reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is
recognised as an expense immediately.
An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in
the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount and
the circumstances and events leading to the impairment cease
to exist. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the
carrying amount of the asset is increased to the revised
estimate of its recoverable amount, but the increased carrying
amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have
been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for
the asset in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is
recognised as income immediately.
(l) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand,
demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions,
and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily
convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject
to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been within
three months of maturity at acquisition. Bank overdrafts that
are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the
Housing Society’s cash management are also included as a
component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of
the statement of cash flows.
(m) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Housing Society has a
present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past
events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be
required to settle that obligation, and a reliable estimate can
be made. Provisions are measured at the management’s best
estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at
the end of the reporting period, and are discounted to present
value where the effect is material.
Hong Kong Housing Society Annual Report 2016
124
Notes to the Financial Statements
財務報表附註
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
財務報表